Ibn Al-Qayyim said, “Neither a scholar nor a judge can issue a ruling (fatwa) by the truth unless he has two types of understanding. First, understanding the context and deriving the reality of what occurred through gathering facts and signs until he achieves comprehensive knowledge. Second, understanding the religious obligation related to the context and understanding the ruling of Allah expressed in His Book or in the prophetic sayings regarding this situation.”

Source: I’lam Al-Muwaqi’een 1/69

قال ابن القيم رحمه الله وَلَا يَتَمَكَّنُ الْمُفْتِي وَلَا الْحَاكِمُ مِنْ الْفَتْوَى وَالْحُكْمِ بِالْحَقِّ إلَّا بِنَوْعَيْنِ مِنْ الْفَهْمِ أَحَدُهُمَا فَهْمُ الْوَاقِعِ وَالْفِقْهِ فِيهِ وَاسْتِنْبَاطُ عِلْمِ حَقِيقَةِ مَا وَقَعَ بِالْقَرَائِنِ وَالْأَمَارَاتِ وَالْعَلَامَاتِ حَتَّى يُحِيطَ بِهِ عِلْمًا وَالنَّوْعُ الثَّانِي فَهْمُ الْوَاجِبِ فِي الْوَاقِعِ وَهُوَ فَهْمُ حُكْمِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي حَكَمَ بِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَوْ عَلَى لِسَانِ قَوْلِهِ فِي هَذَا الْوَاقِعِ

1/69 إعلام الموقعين عن رب العالمين كتاب عمر في القضاء وشرحه صحة الفهم وحسن القصد